You mean highlight like this one

?
It might be that your dircolors aren't set for the filetypes you're using.
Using :highlight
command with patterns (comma-separated in curly braces or regular expression between /
) you can define arbitrary groups youself.
Some examples:
highlight {COPYRIGHT,COPYING*,BUGS,ChangeLog*,FAQ,INSTALL*,LICENSE,NEWS,README*,AUTHORS,TODO,THANKS}
\ cterm=none ctermfg=187 ctermbg=default
highlight {Makefile,Makefile.am,Makefile.in,Makefile.win,*.mak,*.mk,CMakeLists.txt}
\ cterm=none ctermfg=121 ctermbg=default
highlight {*.7z,*.ace,*.arj,*.bz2,*.cpio,*.deb,*.dz,*.gz,*.jar,*.lzh,*.lzma,*.rar,*.rpm,*.rz,*.tar,*.taz,*.tb2,*.tbz,*.tbz2,*.tgz,*.tlz,*.trz,*.txz,*.tz,*.tz2,*.xz,*.z,*.zip,*.zoo}
\ cterm=none ctermfg=215 ctermbg=default
highlight {*.djvu,*.htm,*.html,*.shtml,*.php,*.css,*.markdown,*.md,*[^0-9].[1-9],*.mkd,*.org,*.pandoc,*.pdc,*.pdf,*.epub,*.tex,*.txt,*.xhtml,*.xml,*.pptx,*.ppt,*.doc,*.docx,*.xls,*.xls[mx]}
\ cterm=none ctermfg=218 ctermbg=default
highlight {*.aac,*.anx,*.asf,*.au,*.avi,*.ts,*.axa,*.axv,*.divx,*.flac,*.m2a,*.m2v,*.m4a,*.m4p,*.m4v,*.mid,*.midi,*.mka,*.mkv,*.mov,*.mp3,*.mp4,*.flv,*.mp4v,*.mpc,*.mpeg,*.mpg,*.nuv,*.oga,*.ogg,*.ogv,*.ogx,*.pbm,*.pgm,*.qt,*.ra,*.ram,*.rm,*.spx,*.vob,*.wav,*.wma,*.wmv,*.xvid,*.ac3}
\ cterm=none ctermfg=49 ctermbg=default
highlight {*.bmp,*.gif,*.jpeg,*.jpg,*.ico,*.png,*.ppm,*.svg,*.svgz,*.tga,*.tif,*.tiff,*.xbm,*.xcf,*.xpm,*.xspf,*.xwd}
\ cterm=none ctermfg=117 ctermbg=default
highlight {*.bat,*.btm,*.cmd,*.com,*.dll,*.exe,*.run,*.msu,*.msi,*.sh,*.bash}
\ cterm=none ctermfg=77 ctermbg=default
highlight {*.patch,*.diff,*.py,*.[ch]pp,*.mk,*.c,*.h,*.[ch]pp,*.cc,*.hs}
\ cterm=none ctermfg=193 ctermbg=default